Ontologies have been successfully used to assign semantics in the Semantic Web context, to support integration of data from different systems or different sources, and to enable reasoning. However, building ontologies is not a trivial task. Ontology reuse can help in this matter. The search and selection of ontologies to be reused should consider the alignment between their scope and the scope of the ontology being developed. In this paper, we discuss how goal modeling can be helpful in this context (...) and we present GO-FOR, a framework in which goals are the central elements to promote ontology reuse. GO-FOR comprises a conceptual architecture, a goal-oriented ontology development process and a supporting tool. In GO-FOR we introduce Goal-Oriented Ontology Patterns as a new type of pattern to be applied to develop ontologies in a goal-oriented approach. Results of the use of GO-FOR to build an ontology used to integrate patient examination data are also shown in this paper. (shrink)

The little we know with certainty about Eupolis' Marikas can be summarised in a few lines. The play was produced at the Lenaea of 421 b.c. The demagogue Hyperbolus was satirised under the name of Marikas, and was represented as a man of little or no culture . Marikas/Hyperbolus was a slave. This has been denied in the past, but is now made clear by the commentary on the Marikas in P. Oxy. 2741 πρς [ν] δεσπότην Ὑπέρβολος. Aristophanes complained in (...) the Clouds we possess that Eupolis had availed himself of the Knights for his Marikas , and it is in fact possible that the idea of Marikas as a slave was borrowed from the Knights, because some of his traits seem to correspond to those of the Aristophanic Sausage-seller. The play apparently had two semi-choruses, one of rich and one of poor people. The point of the name Marikas has long been debated. Ancient sources are at least agreed that it is ‘barbarian’. Herodianus 1.50,12 Lentz does not go beyond stating that Marikas is an νομα βάρβαρον παρ τ κωμικ . Hesych. μ 283 Latte has more to offer: Μαρικν· κίναιδον. ο δ ποκόρισμα παιδίου ρρενος βαρβαρικόν. (shrink)

“Only a small community has concentratedon general intelligence. No one has tried to make a thinking machine... The bottom line is that we really haven’t progressed too far toward a truly intelligent machine. We have collections of dumb specialists in small domains; the true majesty of general intelligence still awaits our attack.... We have got to get back to the deepest questions of AI and general intelligence... ” –MarvinMinsky as interviewed in Hal’s Legacy, edited by David Stork, 2000. Our goal (...) in creating this edited volume has been to?ll an apparent gap in the scienti?c literature, by providing a coherent presentation of a body of contemporary research that, in spite of its integral importance, has hitherto kept a very low pro?le within the scienti?c and intellectual community. This body of work has not been given a name before; in this book we christen it “Arti?cial General Intelligence”. What distinguishes AGI work from run-of-the-mill “arti?cial intelligence” research is that it is explicitly focused on engineering general intelligence in the short term. We have been active researchers in the AGI?eld for many years, and it has been a pleasure to gather together papers from our colleagues working on related ideas from their own perspectives. In the Introduction we give a conceptual overview of the AGI?eld, and also summarize and interrelate the key ideas of the papers in the subsequent chapters. (shrink)

This study investigated relationships between state anxiety and leisure-domain physical activity levels during Covid-19 pandemic. We used frequency, duration, and intensity as key variables of physical activity. Trait anxiety, state anxiety before pandemic, age, gender, and education level were also included in the analysis. Our general hypothesis was that participants who declared doing more physical activity levels would exhibit lower levels of anxiety during the Covid-19 pandemic. A convenient sample of 571 volunteer adults was drawn mainly from São Paulo State, (...) the epicenter of Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. To obtain the participants’ levels of anxiety we used a validated short-version of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Levels of physical activity were measured via questions from VIGITEL, a validated questionnaire about the individual’s habits on risk factors. Answers were given regarding the first week of March 2020 and at the very moment the participant was filling in the electronic form. Data analyses were conducted through descriptive and inferential techniques, with the use of non-parametric tests and linear regression models. Overall, participants’ responses indicate that anxiety levels were higher during the pandemic compared to the period that preceded the pandemic, and that frequent and long physical activity in the leisure-domain reduced anxiety, regardless its intensity. The regression models revealed an inverse relationship between physical activity and anxiety and independent of gender, age, education level, trait anxiety, and physical activity before pandemic. (shrink)

Estudo sobre como a Divisão de Censura e Diversões Públicas tratou o documentário brasileiro produzido nos anos de 1960/70 e 1980. Ao analisar os pareceres de censura de 23 filmes – documentos disponíveis no site do projeto Memória da censura no cinema brasileiro 1964-1988 – optou-se por estudar os casos de O país de São Saruê e Iracema, uma transa amazônica. Nas décadas de 1960/70 presenciamos o surgimento de um novo documentarismo que buscava retratar o “Brasil profundo”, o país das (...) desigualdades que tanto se conflitava com a imagem desenvolvimentista que a propaganda da ditadura difundia. Ao analisar a censura a estes filmes constatou-se que as dinâmicas censórias se valeram tanto de questões morais quanto de posicionamentos políticos-ideológicos. (shrink)

This paper discusses the communicability of musical listening, proposes a semanalytical perspective to approach it in terms of communicational production, and summarizes an analysis of the production of musical listenings in the case of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony. Instead of assuming that verbal talk on music banalizes listening, or that musical arrangers are the privileged authorities when it comes to transmitting a personal listening, our suggestion is that communication produces – in the post-structuralist sense of the word – musical listenings even (...) when it seems to simply try and account for it. In a transmissive, “phenotextual” comprehension, listening may be understood as a phenomenological, receptive act that pre-exists its communication. Instead, our communicational research on musical listening turns to the listening-accounts in order to grasp the “listenabilities” as they emerge within specific listening-territories that “genotextually” produce their regulations and habits. This semiotic production is methodologically investigated, here, in terms of interpretant signs, especially as Normal Interpretants, within a particular listening-territory. Three remarks are made on the genotextual operations that produce “insufficiency,” “monumentality,” and “distinção” as listening normalities. (shrink)

This essay discusses postpartum abortion from the perspective of E. Lévinas' concepts of alterity and responsibility. It presents a notion of postpartum abortion to then verify if the ethical impasses presented by the theme can be answered in the light of Lévinas.

A Etnomatemática, segundo Ubiratan D’Ambrosio, constitui uma subárea da História da Matemática e da Educação Matemática politicamente engajada, voltada para transformação social e para a recuperação da dignidade cultural dos indivíduos. Entretanto, em um dos momentos mais críticos para o povo brasileiro, em plena crise sanitária e econômica da pandemia de Covid-19, por uma infeliz coincidência, atravessamos uma ampla reforma curricular impulsionada publicação da “Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC”, em 2018, documento norteador dos currículos nacionais que ignorou a História (...) da Matemática, bem como nossa grande tradição em pesquisa e ensino etnomatemáticos. Por outro lado, os documentos curriculares complementares publicados em 2019: “Referenciais Curriculares para a Elaboração de Itinerários Formativos” e “Temas Contemporâneos Transversais na BNCC: Contexto Histórico e Pressupostos Pedagógicos” colocaram os professores brasileiros diante de um vazio fértil, repleto de desafios e possibilidades. Discutir esse cenário educacional é o objetivo central deste artigo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico e documental, que se debruça sobre documentos curriculares brasileiros e pesquisas embasadas na Etnomatemática, para tentar responder à nossa questão de pesquisa “Quais os principais desafios e possibilidades para a promoção da Etnomatemática na Educação Básica brasileira, no contexto da atual reforma curricular, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar?”. Nosso foco é a rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo, por se tratar da maior rede de ensino do Brasil e por ser uma das primeiras e elaborar um currículo pautado pela BNCC, além de um projeto próprio para a exploração dos temas curriculares transversais, implantação e implementação do Novo Ensino Médio. Nossos resultados mostram que, apesar do engessamento curricular promovido pela BNCC, ainda existe margem para desenvolvimento de propostas educacionais que contemplem as necessidades locais, que respeite as diferenças regionais e as peculiaridades da cultura escolar, em uma perspectiva etnomatemática. (shrink)

BackgroundIn Palliative Care, family and close people are an essential part of provision of care. They assume highly complex tasks for which they are not prepared, with considerable physical, psychological, social and economic impact. Informal Caregivers often falter in the final stage of life and develop distress, enhancing emotional burden and complicated grief. The lack of available and accessible in-person counselling resources is often reported by ICs. Online resources can promote early access to help and support for patient-IC dyads in (...) palliative care. The primary aim of this research is to co-design, develop and test the feasibility of the Help2Care-PAL mHealth app that addresses the needs of ICs of palliative patients cared for at home. This Digital Health Intervention in palliative care will be used for education, symptom management, communication and decision-making, to enhance Quality of Life of patients and ICs, fostering anticipatory grief and the reach and efficiency of services.MethodsThis study will use an iterative co-design process and convergent mixed-methods design, following the MORECare consensus for developing a complex intervention. Construction of the DHI will follow four main phases: a needs assessment ; design and co-production of mHealth materials and interventions to support ICs; the development of a mHealth app; and usability and feasibility of the mHealth app. The Help2Care-PAL platform seeks to build resources from the perspectives and needs of both family dyads and nursing professionals working in the field of community palliative care. User-centeredness will be ensured by the active participation of patient-IC dyads and professionals of the palliative care community.DiscussionThis mixed-method study will offer new insights on needs and expectations of patient-IC dyads and nurses in community palliative care regarding caregiving preparedness and online health resources. Through the implementation of an adaptive digital tool, we aim to improve access to palliative care family support, which is highly linked with the wellbeing of patients and especially new ICs. (shrink)

De Interpretatione is among Aristotle's most influential and widely read writings; C. W. A. Whitaker presents the first systematic study of this work, and offers a radical new view of its aims, its structure, and its place in Aristotle's system. He shows that De Interpretatione is not a disjointed essay on ill-connected subjects, as traditionally thought, but a highly organized and systematic treatise on logic, argument, and dialectic.

A questão da representação é central para Carl Schmitt. Em mais de um escrito, tal questão é analisada com detalhes. Além disso, é um tópico recorrente em intérpretes da obra schmittiana. Nosso propósito nesse artigo é voltar à elaboração da noção de representação em Schmitt. Veremos como ele apresenta tal noção, principalmente em sua Teoria da Constituição. A partir da exposição da análise schmittiana, realizaremos uma crítica ao modo como ele elabora tal ideia, apresentando uma maneira distinta de ver a (...) questão: não haveria uma separação entre representação e identidade, como quer Schmitt, mas representação seria ela mesma identidade. A partir dessa crítica, podemos perceber os limites da visão de Schmitt, além de evidenciar os motivos que o levaram a tal noção de representação. (shrink)

Resenha do livro: WOLFF, Francis. ARISTÓTELES E A POLÍTICA. São Paulo: Discurso Editorial, 1999.

Pensar a política como um espaço agonístico implica compreendê-la abrangendo todo o âmbito do conflito. A figura do inimigo é parte deste âmbito, mas o conflito não pode ser reduzido a tal figura. Em O Conceito do Político, Carl Schmitt estabelece um campo próprio da política que acaba por ter na figura do inimigo um ponto central. Partindo desse escrito, analisaremos a constituição de um campo próprio da política, pensada de modo agonístico,a partir da descrição da totalidade do espaço do (...) conflito. (shrink)

The main source of Archytas, fr. 1 Diels-Kranz is Porphyr. in Ptol. harmon. p. 56,5–57,27 Düring; there is also an extensive quotation of its initial part in Nicomachus, Introd. Arithm. p. 6,16–7,5 Hoche. In recent years both the text and the interpretation of this fragment, whose authenticity was questioned by W. Burkert, have been re-examined, and a good deal of progress has been made especially by paying more attention to the nature of Nicomachus' quotation and its context.

The present work proposes to investigate, through an analysis of certain artistic works, the reasons that led Giovanni of Capestrano to be included, or not included, in the Franciscan family tree. After engaging the same theme with respect to the early martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor,1 and, more recently, the representation of Saint Louis of Toulouse in the subject under investigation,2 this investigation of the figure of the friar from Abruzzo represents a further opportunity to propose certain artistic (...) examples - and doing so without any pretense of an exhaustive presentation, in light of the limits of space allowed here - in the hopes of proposing a path for future research that might be followed in later... (shrink)

Em tempos em que os sistemas humanos aceleram as esferas de descuido, de caos, faz-se necessário buscar novos princípios que fundamentem as bases essenciais da existência e das relações humanas. Nesse viés, a reflexão sobre o caminho da pessoa que busca entender-se como ser de Cuidado torna-se cada vez mais urgente, haja vista que pode promover uma compreensão profunda sobre as próprias atitudes e ações em relação ao todo da vida existente. Dessa forma, toda ação humana para ser boa deve (...) adotar os princípios de Cuidado, e sua reflexão em nível de essência religiosa tem como base a narrativa da Criação na busca de encontrar fundamentos para uma ética necessária e essencial, e que seja norma de conduta responsável, visto que só pela moral do Cuidado com a terra a pessoa manifesta a sua realidade e assume o seu ser em imagem e semelhança ao Criador. (shrink)

The definition of the technique as the mediation between man and nature raises some philosophical problems. Such mediation was established based on imperatives, among which we can highlight efficiency and domination, both exercised over nature. In order to expand the possibilities for improving the human condition, the notion of technical progress has become an emerging need for the consolidation of ancient and modern civilizations. However, it is necessary to establish the criteria for a critique of the limits of unrestrained progress (...) in order to be able to highlight the ambiguity of this process. The development of reality goes through a series of increasingly sophisticated domains without which the objective achievements that structure human life would not be possible. As it oscillates more and more rapidly between production and destruction, technology - understood as the applied discourse of technique - accuses its own limit when submitted to the imperative of efficiency and domination. The purpose of this paper is to show that the ambiguous consequences of technical progress work as an instinctive mechanism for both the welfare state and the state of war. The methodology used to address these issues will be the clash of ideas present in the studies of thinkers who reflected the theme of the technique. Our conclusion, in addition to pointing to a reflection on the limits of technique in human life, intends to rethink the unfolding of the imperatives of a civilization guided by the notion of technical progress and its inevitable contradiction with the notion of human progress. (shrink)

This study analyzes how poetic procedures used in Psalm 9,12-21 emphasize imprecations in these verses. The issue of imprecations in the Psalms is always subject to be studied, discussed and digested. In addition to the general problem of imprecations – something omnipresent in the Psalter –, exegetes always must face the imprecations of each specific poem. This requires a careful examination of the devices that the psalmist uses. For this formal approach, the second part of Psalm 9 offers interesting and (...) rich material, since the various poetic and rhetorical resources are in function of theology, that is, they delineate the theological profiles for the three main characters involved in the conflict: the psalmist, enemies and YHWH. This study is mainly, but not exclusively, synchronic; the translation was made directly from the Hebrew, so keep as closely as possible the poetic and rhetorical devices used by the psalmist. A theological synthesis closes the analysis by way of conclusion. (shrink)

Being diagnosed with cancer can be one of those critical incidents that negatively affect the self. Identity is threatened when physical, psychological, and social consequences of chronic illness begin to erode one’s sense of self and challenge an individual’s ability to continue to present the self he or she prefers to present to others. Based on the notion of illness trajectory and adopting a Ricoeurian narrative perspective, this theoretical paper shall explore the impact of cancer disease on identity and establish (...) the crucial importance of metaphor in the narratives of life with cancer. Findings indicate that in cancer narratives the illness experience supplies the narrative structure with temporal and spatial meeting points that make the narrative comprehensible and meaningful. Cancer forces identity changes not only from having to endure the long-term physical and psychosocial effects of the disease, but also from inevitable existential questions about life’s meaning. Improved medical knowledge today means improved ethnomedical practices. Metaphor can bridge the gap between the cancer experience and the world of technology and treatment, helping patients to symbolically control their illness. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo apontar algumas relações entre a teoria do reconhecimento de Hegel e a teoria psicológica de Vygotsky. Aqui serão apresentadas duas hipóteses. A primeira é que Vygotsky foi profundamente influenciado por Hegel. Esse fato da obra vygotskyana não é muito destacado por seus intérpretes, mas pode ser confirmado nos próprios textos do autor. Uma segunda hipótese: a estrutura teórica desenvolvida por Vygotsky está vinculada ao quadro teórico do reconhecimento elaborado por Hegel. Analisaremos algumas passagens das obras (...) dos dois teóricos que evidenciam as hipóteses levantadas. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo explicitar a complexa relação entre unidade e pluralismo no pensamento político de Carl Schmitt. Tal discussão será feita a partir dos textos O Conceito do Político (Der Begriff des Politischen) e Staatsethik und pluralistischer Staat. Se por um lado, Schmitt confronta-se com a realidade pluralista das sociedades contemporâneas e com o perigo do deslocamento do político para fora da dimensão do Estado, por outro lado, o jurista insiste na procura por uma unidade substancial que transcenda (...) o mero acordo entre as diferentes associações e grupos que compõem a sociedade. (shrink)